Literal-Minded

Linguistic commentary from a guy who takes things too literally

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Two Stories on Language Ownership

Posted by Neal on March 22, 2008

Back in 2006, maybe you read the news stories about the Mapuche tribe in Chile suing Microsoft for translating Windows into their native language, Mapudungun, and the issue of language as intellectual property. You might also have come across the story on the linguistics blogs, but if not, here are a few good articles or blog posts on it:

  • A news article on Engadget gives the basic story.
  • Jangari of matjjin-nehen takes a crack at defining the circumstances in which speakers of a language can claim ownership of it in this post.
  • In this blog post, Jane Simpson of the University of Sydney links to some Language Log posts and relates the issue to language ownership in Australian Aboriginal languages.

So what reminded me of this old news? Some even older news about language ownership that I only just learned. Longtime readers may remember that Doug and Adam like playing with Bionicles. Now and again I’d ask Doug and Adam why something like Ronaka (I just made that up) would be a plausible name for a Bionicle character, while Floogie or Shumpt would not.

Now, Doug’s friend Holt has clued me in to the fact that Bionicle names, especially in the early series, were taken from Polynesian languages, with Maori being a particular favorite. After I read his blog post, I did a bit of searching and found out that a few years before Doug and Adam got interested in Bionicle, the company that makes them (i.e. Lego) even got into some PR trouble for misappropriating Maori names. Some other sources on this controversy:

  • A Wikipedia article that gives some examples of Polynesian names used for Bionicle characters, and briefly summarizes the legal action
  • A paper by Rosemary Coombe and Andrew Herman on intellectual property, which devotes one section to a narrative of the Bionicle case.

Posted in Uncategorized | 3 Comments »

Like Son, Like Father

Posted by Neal on January 9, 2008

Readers who have been with me since 2004 may remember this post; if you found that one interesting, then you should have a look at this article from The New York Times.

Posted in Uncategorized | 4 Comments »

Yateraw Gwiding

Posted by Neal on January 2, 2008

The December 2007 issue of Language arrived while we were packing for our trip to visit Mom and Dad. I glanced at the contents and some abstracts, figuring I’d read more when we got back. The first article: “Positional neutralization: A case study from child language,” by Sharon Inkelas and Yvan Rose. When I looked at the abstract, I realized this article couldn’t wait for us to get back from our trip; it would have to go in my carryon bag for the plane. It was about a child they referred to as E, who from the ages of about one and a half to three years exhibited … lateral gliding.

Lateral gliding, you say?

Yes, lateral gliding! Lateral is the phonetic term for /l/ sounds, and glide is a term referring to vowel-like consonants such as [y] and [w]. (They’re also known as approximants.) Lateral gliding, then, is the pronunciation of /l/s as [w]s and [y]s. Sound familiar?

Maybe you remember a few years ago, when I wrote about how Doug pronounced his /l/s until he was about six years old. Sometimes he’d say them as [y], sometimes as [w]. (BTW, I should mention that I’m using a corrupt version of the International Phonetic Alphabet here. Technically, the consonant y sound is written as [j]. The j sound, meanwhile, is written [ʤ]. But for consistency with the posts I’m linking to here, and to lessen confusion for my nonlinguist readers, I’m representing the y sound as [y].) I was dissatisfied with my own analysis of the rule describing when Doug would produce a [y] and when he’d produce a [w]; another linguist had a better one, but I was naturally curious about what a paper in a scholarly journal would have to say on the subject. This wasn’t academic; it was personal.

Read the rest of this entry »

Posted in The darndest things, What the L | 1 Comment »

Welcome, Readers of Jan Freeman’s The Word

Posted by Neal on November 2, 2007

In case you’ve come looking for this blog after reading Jan Freeman’s column from last Sunday, you can find the post she was mentioning here.

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Another Funny Story

Posted by Neal on April 15, 2006

“Bilingual by Breakfast” is a funny piece by Leigh Ann Henion that appeared on the last page of the February 2006 issue of Smithsonian magazine. She even uses the word guttural correctly. Go read it.

Posted in Uncategorized | 1 Comment »

Remembering Igor Iskhakov

Posted by Neal on July 12, 2005

Almost a year ago, I wrote in one of my posts,

And just to reiterate that asshole is not “just an insult,” the expression tear [someone] a new asshole is proof that the literal meaning is still there, to be enjoyed by those who take the time to experience the word as if for the first time. I’ll never forget hearing Igor Iskhakov burst out laughing when he first heard this strange new English word and parsed it out.

I met Igor Iskhakov in 1993, when I was an instructor at a ballroom dance studio here in central Ohio. He and his family had just emigrated from Russia; he had done ballroom dancing for most of his life; and he was looking for a job. The studio owner hired him right away, and put him to work coaching the advanced students.

It was fun to work with Igor; he taught me and the other instructors a lot on the finer points of posture and movement. From him I also learned that the name Igor is not just for hunchbacked minions of mad scientists (an association he was astonished to learn about), but in fact is a rather common Russian name. Pronounced by a Russian, it sounds more like eager, which he proudly pointed out to me when he learned the word.

I remember another time when a few of the instructors were having lunch at a restaurant across the street from the studio, and Igor was quite keen to order a cocktail. They served cocktails at the newly opened McDonald’s in Moscow, he told us, and they were great. He wanted a cocktail here, now. We told him they didn’t serve cocktails here; it was just an ordinary family restaurant without a bar. He couldn’t believe it. Cocktails were about as American as you could get–after all, hadn’t Russian borrowed the word from American English just to refer to this American kind of drink? And now, sitting in an American restaurant, he couldn’t have a simple cocktail? We asked him to describe these cocktails, and pretty soon we realized that what he was describing was a milkshake! Armed with the proper vocabulary, he asked for and got his first milkshake made in America. (I don’t know when he had his first American-made cocktail.)

I also remember trying to find out from Igor the Russian word for ‘flirt.’ Maybe I was asking him how he and his recently-arrived dance partner and fiancee had begun their relationship; I’m not sure. Anyway, Igor didn’t recognize the word, so another instructor and I were describing situations of flirting, until Igor finally realized what we meant. “Oh!” he said. “Fleertavat’!” What? All that work, only to find out the Russian word was just another borrowing from English? Sheesh.

I talked with Igor enough about Russian and language in general that at one point he asked me why I wasn’t studying linguistics anymore. Clearly, I was interested enough in it that I should consider going back to school and finishing my degree. I realized he was right, and took his advice. And when I applied to be a teaching assistant in the department of English as a Second Language in order to cover my tuition, Igor was kind enough to write me a letter of reference.

In subsequent years, after I left the dance studio, I occasionally ran into Igor on the OSU campus, where he was finishing his PhD in math. Yes, a PhD in math, even while he continued to teach dance, compete and win in major competitions, and appear in a movie. And a few years ago, I saw him and his wife at the public library, where he told me they were doing some business research in preparation for opening their own studio. Which they did. I was really happy for them. They were living out the American Dream more than I or most people I know have done.

Yesterday I was taking Doug to a karate lesson right across the hall from my old dance studio, and I saw my old boss. I was shocked to learn from him that Igor had died on Sunday. I couldn’t believe it, but in today’s newspaper, there it was. He will be missed, not just by his family and others who saw him regularly, but also by people like me, who might have fallen out of touch with him, but still remember how he changed their life for the better.

Posted in Uncategorized | 2 Comments »

Nuh-Uh!

Posted by Neal on July 19, 2004

Imagine that you’re back in elementary school, having a discussion on the playground with one of your classmates. It goes something like this:

You: My dad can beat up your dad!
Classmate: Nuh-uh!

What is the proper response here? For me, it is and has always been, “Uh-huh!” But in the past few years, I’ve been hearing “Yuh-huh!”
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Conspiratorially Yours

Posted by Neal on July 18, 2004

Eugene Volokh has kindly invited me back for another week of guest-blogging at The Volokh Conspiracy. I’ll be posting there until Sunday the 25th, so please drop by. Be sure to check out the postings of another guest-blogger there, Cathy Seipp, who has some interesting, and in one case very politically incorrect, observations.

Posted in Uncategorized | 13 Comments »

Oral Expression in French

Posted by Neal on April 26, 2004

Geoff Pullum of Language Log recently posted about one brief shining moment when he successfully deployed his limited Finnish well enough to sound like a fluent speaker. It reminded me of my favorite story of about speaking French. It was back in the summer of 1990 … [harp music, picture getting wavy]
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